Assembly Programming FPGAs

This article has the objective of understanding how to program basic tasks into a microcontroller. It will be also learned what are the steps to create a project that can be correctly executed by the PicoBlaze microcontroller. Once the assembly code is created, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used to visualize the results. The kit also provides switches that are used to change the values in the LCD.

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Adder and Subtractor

The purpose of this article is to design and analysis various adder and subtractor circuits. During the first part, it was investigated how to construct a half adder/Subtractor circuit. In this part, one XOR and one AND chip were used. During the second part, it was used XOR, AND and OR chips to implement a full adder/ subtractor. Finally, It was implemented a circuit which was capable to add or subtract two 3-bit numbers using three full adders and XOR chips.

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Implementing logic gates

The logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output. At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary conditions low (0) or high (1), represented by different voltage levels. In most logic gates, the low state is approximately zero volts (0 V), while the high state is approximately five volts positive (+5V). There are seven basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. This article explain and implement AND, OR, NOR and XOR. The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called "false" and 1 is called "true", the gate acts in the same way as the logical "and" operator. When we use OR gate the output is "true" if either or both of the inputs are "true". If both inputs are "false", then the output is "false". The XOR (exclusive-OR) gate is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same. The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. The main objective of this article is to verify that the NAND gate is a universal gate. That means that by combining different NAND gates one can obtain another logic gates.
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http://roboticproject.net/Article_ControlSystemLaser1.html

The analysis of the Laser Drill system studied demonstrated the specific range for which the system is stable and functional. While specifically studying the system response to ramp and step functions inputs, it became clear through the analysis of Nyquist, Root-Locus, and Bode plots that the system only became stable with the ramp input at K ranging from 0 to 13.333. All other inputs above K=13.333 for ramp, and all step function inputs, set the system to an unstable status. The calculations obtained throughout the analysis, such as the graphs and values, were gathered by utilizing a mathematical computer tool called Matlab